Mu minsi mike ishize, hamenyekanye ikarita y’iterambere ry’imyaka icumi y’inganda z’igihugu cyanjye no kumenyekanisha amakuru: Kuva mu mwaka wa 2012 kugeza mu wa 2021, agaciro kiyongereye ku nganda zikora inganda kaziyongera kava kuri tiriyari 16.98 kangana na tiriyari 31.4, n’igipimo cy’isi uziyongera kuva kuri 20% kugeza hafi 30%.… Buri kintu cyamakuru atangaje kandi kimaze kugerwaho cyaranze ko igihugu cyanjye cyatangiye gusimbuka amateka kuva "imbaraga zinganda" kugeza "ingufu zinganda".
Ibice byingenzi bigize ibikoresho byingenzi bigomba kuba bifite imiterere yuburemere bworoshye, imbaraga nyinshi, kurwanya ubushyuhe bwo hejuru, kurwanya ruswa, kurwanya kwambara, nibindi, nibikoresho gakondo ntibishobora kuba byujuje ibisabwa.Hamwe niterambere ryubumenyi nubuhanga, ibikoresho bishya nka titanium alloys, nikel alloys, ceramics ikora cyane, ceramic-fer-matric matrice compteux, hamwe na fibre-fibre ikomeza kugaragara.Nubwo ibyo bikoresho bishobora kuzuza ibisabwa byibanze byingenzi, gutunganya bigoye cyane byabaye ikibazo rusange, kandi nikibazo ibigo byubushakashatsi bwa siyanse ku isi byagerageje gukora ibishoboka byose kugirango bikemuke.
Nubuhanga bushya bwo gukemura iki kibazo, imashini yihuta-yihuta ifite ibyiringiro byinshi ninganda zikora.Ikintu cyitwa ultra-yihuta yihuta yo gutunganya imashini bivuga ikoranabuhanga rishya ryo gutunganya rihindura imashini yibikoresho byongera umuvuduko wogukora, kandi bikazamura igipimo cyo kuvanaho ibikoresho, gutunganya neza no gukora neza.Umuvuduko wa ultra-yihuta yo gutunganya umuvuduko urenze inshuro 10 kurenza imashini gakondo, kandi ibikoresho bivanwaho mbere yuko bihinduka mugihe cyo gutunganya ultra-yihuta.Itsinda ry’ubushakashatsi muri kaminuza y’ubumenyi n’ikoranabuhanga ry’amajyepfo ryasanze iyo umuvuduko wo gutunganya ugeze kuri kilometero 700 mu isaha, “bigoye-gutunganywa” biranga ibikoresho birashira, kandi gutunganya ibikoresho “bihinduka bigoye byoroshye”.
Titanium alloy ni ibintu bisanzwe "bigoye-kumashini", bizwi nka "guhekenya" mubikoresho.Mugihe cyo gutunganya, "izomeka ku cyuma" nko guhekenya amenyo ku menyo, bigakora "ikibyimba".Ariko, mugihe umuvuduko wo gutunganya wongerewe agaciro gakomeye, umutobe wa titanium ntuzongera "kwizirika ku cyuma", kandi ntakibazo kizabaho mugutunganya gakondo nka "gutwika akazi".Byongeye kandi, ibyangiritse byo gutunganya nabyo bizahagarikwa hamwe no kongera umuvuduko wo gutunganya, bigire ingaruka z "uruhu rwangiritse".Ikoranabuhanga ryihuta cyane ryihuta ntirishobora kunoza imikorere yimashini gusa, ahubwo rishobora no kunoza ubwiza bwimashini kandi neza.Ukurikije ibitekerezo byihuta byihuta cyane nka "embrittlement material" na "kwangiza uruhu", mugihe cyose umuvuduko wo gutunganya ibintu bigerwaho, ibintu bigoye-imashini biranga ibikoresho bizashira, no gutunganya ibikoresho bizoroha nk "guteka inyama kugirango ukemure inka".
Kugeza ubu, imbaraga nini zo gukoresha tekinoroji ya ultra-yihuta yo gutunganya imashini yakuruye abantu benshi.Ishuri Rikuru ry’Ubwubatsi rifata tekinoroji y’ubuhanga bwihuse cyane nkicyerekezo cyibanze cyubushakashatsi bwikinyejana cya 21, kandi ishyirahamwe ry’ubushakashatsi bw’ikoranabuhanga ry’Ubuyapani naryo rishyira ikoranabuhanga ry’imashini yihuta cyane nka bumwe mu buryo butanu bwo gukora inganda zigezweho.
Kugeza ubu, ibikoresho bishya bigenda bigaragara, kandi tekinoloji ya ultra-yihuta yo gutunganya imashini iteganijwe gukemura burundu ibibazo byo gutunganya no kuzana impinduramatwara mu buryo bunoze kandi bunoze bwo gutunganya "ibikoresho bigoye-imashini", naho ultra-high -Imashini yihuta yimashini izwi kwizina rya "inganda za mama zinganda" ziteganijwe kuba intambwe "Ibikoresho bigoye-gutunganya" nigikoresho gikomeye cyo gutunganya ibibazo.Mu bihe biri imbere, ibidukikije by’inganda nyinshi nabyo bizahinduka nkigisubizo, kandi hashyizweho imirima mishya mishya yiterambere ryihuse, bityo ihindure imishinga isanzwe ihari kandi iteze imbere kuzamura inganda zikora.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Nzeri-08-2022